PostgreSQL 9.6.12 commit log

commit   : 9848bd725e3b021bbe53e606ac9c261079ee82ba    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 11 Feb 2019 16:21:19 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 11 Feb 2019 16:21:19 -0500    

commit   : 248fd6cb3a9d01348be0fef12f370c453dba8a77    
  
author   : Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 11 Feb 2019 14:21:55 +0100    
  
committer: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 11 Feb 2019 14:21:55 +0100    

Source-Git-URL: https://git.postgresql.org/git/pgtranslation/messages.git  
Source-Git-Hash: f3ca37534288ad85c0436fa00755b8aba69e57d3  

commit   : 73f95272b9412a26c352099a2b1bbcd6cf0f36f8    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sun, 10 Feb 2019 15:44:05 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sun, 10 Feb 2019 15:44:05 -0500    

commit   : 4b235947c7c63a084a90c2e049d79a09ff03b9b3    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 9 Feb 2019 21:02:06 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 9 Feb 2019 21:02:06 -0500    

Renaming varchar_transform to varchar_support had a side effect  
I hadn't foreseen: the core regression tests leave around a  
transform object that relies on that function, so the name  
change breaks cross-version upgrade tests, because the name  
used in the older branches doesn't match.  
  
Since the dependency on varchar_transform was chosen with the  
aid of a dartboard anyway (it would surely not work as a  
language transform support function), fix by just choosing  
a different random builtin function with the right signature.  
Also add some comments explaining why this isn't horribly unsafe.  
  
I chose to make the same substitution in a couple of other  
copied-and-pasted test cases, for consistency, though those  
aren't directly contributing to the testing problem.  
  
Per buildfarm.  Back-patch, else it doesn't fix the problem.  

commit   : 2b6009e2a2794df286939e5ce1196a23cca07d68    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 9 Feb 2019 19:45:38 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 9 Feb 2019 19:45:38 -0500    

warn_or_exit_horribly() was blithely passing a potentially-NULL  
string pointer to a %s format specifier.  That works (at least  
to the extent of not crashing) on some platforms, but not all,  
and since we switched to our own snprintf.c it doesn't work  
for us anywhere.  
  
Of the three string fields being handled this way here, I think  
that only "owner" is supposed to be nullable ... but considering  
that this is error-reporting code, it has very little business  
assuming anything, so put in defenses for all three.  
  
Per a crash observed on buildfarm member crake and then  
reproduced here.  Because of the portability aspect,  
back-patch to all supported versions.  

commit   : 6257f525aff4e711d7eb5405626e7eeac37e2ff5    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 9 Feb 2019 11:41:09 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 9 Feb 2019 11:41:09 -0500    

The previous ordering of these steps satisfied the nominal requirement  
that set_rel_pathlist_hook could editorialize on the whole set of Paths  
constructed for a base relation.  In practice, though, trying to change  
the set of partial paths was impossible.  Adding one didn't work because  
(a) it was too late to be included in Gather paths made by the core code,  
and (b) calling add_partial_path after generate_gather_paths is unsafe,  
because it might try to delete a path it thinks is dominated, but that  
is already embedded in some Gather path(s).  Nor could the hook safely  
remove partial paths, for the same reason that they might already be  
embedded in Gathers.  
  
Better to call extensions first, let them add partial paths as desired,  
and then gather.  In v11 and up, we already doubled down on that ordering  
by postponing gathering even further for single-relation queries; so even  
if the hook wished to editorialize on Gather path construction, it could  
not.  
  
Report and patch by KaiGai Kohei.  Back-patch to 9.6 where Gather paths  
were added.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAOP8fzahwpKJRTVVTqo2AE=mDTz_efVzV6Get_0=U3SO+-ha1A@mail.gmail.com  

commit   : ef922faea703aff4996eab17520cb5201a793701    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 8 Feb 2019 13:30:42 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 8 Feb 2019 13:30:42 -0500    

While this isn't really supposed to happen, it can occur in OOM  
situations and perhaps others.  Instead of crashing, substitute  
"(no message provided)".  
  
I didn't worry about localizing this text, since we aren't  
localizing anything else here; besides, if we're on the edge of  
OOM, it's unlikely gettext() would work.  
  
Report and fix by Sergio Conde Gómez in bug #15624.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 2bcbf687e4265cad739d7fd6cb5f405bae560ed5    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 8 Feb 2019 12:49:36 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 8 Feb 2019 12:49:36 -0500    

Also clean up some discussion that had been left in a very confused  
state thanks to half-hearted adjustments for the change to  
standard_conforming_strings being the default.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : d468da0d65905b762dbaa647aaf8ba1ea5bca04d    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 7 Feb 2019 13:10:46 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 7 Feb 2019 13:10:46 -0500    

As reported in bug #15613 from Srinivasan S A, file_fdw and postgres_fdw  
neglected to mark plain baserel foreign paths as parameterized when the  
relation has lateral_relids.  Other FDWs have surely copied this mistake,  
so rather than just patching those two modules, install a band-aid fix  
in create_foreignscan_path to rectify the mistake centrally.  
  
Although the band-aid is enough to fix the visible symptom, correct  
the calls in file_fdw and postgres_fdw anyway, so that they are valid  
examples for external FDWs.  
  
Also, since the band-aid isn't enough to make this work for parameterized  
foreign joins, throw an elog(ERROR) if such a case is passed to  
create_foreignscan_path.  This shouldn't pose much of a problem for  
existing external FDWs, since it's likely they aren't trying to make such  
paths anyway (though some of them may need a defense against joins with  
lateral_relids, similar to the one this patch installs into postgres_fdw).  
  
Add some assertions in relnode.c to catch future occurrences of the same  
error --- in particular, as backstop against core-code mistakes like the  
one fixed by commit bdd9a99aa.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : a29e93e8f9da8f9176174901526bca4681b586e1    
  
author   : Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 7 Feb 2019 10:22:49 -0500    
  
committer: Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 7 Feb 2019 10:22:49 -0500    

The modules RewindTest.pm and ServerSetup.pm are really only useful for  
TAP tests, so they really belong in the TAP test directories. In  
addition, ServerSetup.pm is renamed to SSLServer.pm.  
  
The test scripts have their own directories added to the search path so  
that the relocated modules will be found, regardless of where the tests  
are run from, even on modern perl where "." is no longer in the  
searchpath.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
  
Backpatch as appropriate to 9.5  

commit   : 41740b9efb110e3187241e2c8c99ab63976f3ce3    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 6 Feb 2019 12:44:58 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 6 Feb 2019 12:44:58 -0500    

create_lateral_join_info() computes a bunch of information about lateral  
references between base relations, and then attempts to propagate those  
markings to appendrel children of the original base relations.  But the  
original coding neglected the possibility of indirect descendants  
(grandchildren etc).  During v11 development we noticed that this was  
wrong for partitioned-table cases, but failed to realize that it was just  
as wrong for any appendrel.  While the case can't arise for appendrels  
derived from traditional table inheritance (because we make a flat  
appendrel for that), nested appendrels can arise from nested UNION ALL  
subqueries.  Failure to mark the lower-level relations as having lateral  
references leads to confusion in add_paths_to_append_rel about whether  
unparameterized paths can be built.  It's not very clear whether that  
leads to any user-visible misbehavior; the lack of field reports suggests  
that it may cause nothing worse than minor cost misestimation.  Still,  
it's a bug, and it leads to failures of Asserts that I intend to add  
later.  
  
To fix, we need to propagate information from all appendrel parents,  
not just those that are RELOPT_BASERELs.  We can still do it in one  
pass, if we rely on the append_rel_list to be ordered with ancestor  
relationships before descendant ones; add assertions checking that.  
While fixing this, we can make a small performance improvement by  
traversing the append_rel_list just once instead of separately for  
each appendrel parent relation.  
  
Noted while investigating bug #15613, though this patch does not fix  
that (which is why I'm not committing the related Asserts yet).  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 324c926468826c1ddc780806c35691a31523d83a    
  
author   : Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 6 Feb 2019 07:32:35 -0500    
  
committer: Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 6 Feb 2019 07:32:35 -0500    

Commit f83419b739 failed to notice that mkvcbuild.pl and build.pl use  
different searchpath and do-file logic, breaking the latter, so it is  
adjusted to use the same logic as mkvcbuild.pl.  

commit   : 42345284c7992a9c0022fb1035c13303fe160f90    
  
author   : Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 5 Feb 2019 18:57:12 -0500    
  
committer: Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 5 Feb 2019 18:57:12 -0500    

Contrary to the comment on 772d4b76, only paths starting with "./" or  
"../" are considered relative to the current working directory by perl's  
"do" function. So this patch converts all the relevant cases to use "./"  
paths. This only affects MSVC.  
  
Backpatch to all live branches.  

commit   : 772d4b769d30090dbf4434d7d192569b11371a53    
  
author   : Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 5 Feb 2019 18:31:10 -0500    
  
committer: Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 5 Feb 2019 18:31:10 -0500    

Use "do" instead of "require" for included files, as it doesn't look for  
them in the search path but relative to the current working directory.  
These changes have already been made to REL_10_STABLE and later, to  
satisfy the demands of perlcritic, but need backporting now to earlier  
branches.  

commit   : 749cb71de2d6217ef2f4ca76aa8461e4a7275f4c    
  
author   : Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 5 Feb 2019 15:16:55 -0500    
  
committer: Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 5 Feb 2019 15:16:55 -0500    

It doesn't like code before "use strict;".  

commit   : f6db9f8abfd6a46f5b58423d8cef2568bf945a0b    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 5 Feb 2019 10:58:53 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 5 Feb 2019 10:58:53 -0500    

DST law changes in Kazakhstan, Metlakatla, and São Tomé and Príncipe.  
Kazakhstan's Qyzylorda zone is split in two, creating a new zone  
Asia/Qostanay, as some areas did not change UTC offset.  
Historical corrections for Hong Kong and numerous Pacific islands.  

commit   : be037c11bf2dbaf9048a988c6ac24b18b2016dd0    
  
author   : Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 5 Feb 2019 09:59:46 -0500    
  
committer: Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 5 Feb 2019 09:59:46 -0500    

This was fixed for MSVC tools by commit 1df92eeafefac4, but per  
buildfarm member bowerbird genbki.pl needs the same treatment.  
  
Backpatch to all live branches.  

commit   : 60b1d6c2a736a1279b297f698cf507d5c81fa31a    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 4 Feb 2019 19:18:50 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 4 Feb 2019 19:18:50 -0500    

Historically we've had each release branch include all prior branches'  
notes, including minor-release changes, back to the beginning of the  
project.  That's basically an O(N^2) proposition, and it was starting to  
catch up with us: as of HEAD the back-branch release notes alone accounted  
for nearly 30% of the documentation.  While there's certainly some value  
in easy access to back-branch notes, this is getting out of hand.  
  
Hence, switch over to the rule that each branch contains only its own  
release notes.  So as to not make older notes too hard to find, each  
branch will provide URLs for the immediately preceding branches'  
release notes on the project website.  
  
There might be value in providing aggregated notes across all branches  
somewhere on the website, but that's a task for another day.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 16e0464a11d8c2840cf8127394a4b4315111440a    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 4 Feb 2019 17:20:02 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 4 Feb 2019 17:20:02 -0500    

Commit 62215de29 turns out to have been not quite on-the-mark.  
When we are forced to postpone dumping of a materialized view into  
the dump's post-data section (because it depends on a unique index  
that isn't created till that section), we may also have to postpone  
dumping other matviews that depend on said matview.  The previous fix  
didn't reliably work for such cases: it'd break the dependency loops  
properly, producing a workable object ordering, but it didn't  
necessarily mark all the matviews as "postponed_def".  This led to  
harmless bleating about "archive items not in correct section order",  
as reported by Tom Cassidy in bug #15602.  Less harmlessly,  
selective-restore options such as --section might misbehave due to  
the matview dump objects not being properly labeled.  
  
The right way to fix it is to consider that each pre-data dependency  
we break amounts to moving the no-longer-dependent object into  
post-data, and hence we should mark that object if it's a matview.  
  
Back-patch to all supported versions, since the issue's been there  
since matviews were introduced.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : e7f1d14137afa51bb782a02b7f1bd39d9b9e048b    
  
author   : Andrew Gierth <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 4 Feb 2019 18:47:33 +0000    
  
committer: Andrew Gierth <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 4 Feb 2019 18:47:33 +0000    

Rather than define ld_library_path_ver with a big nested $(if), just  
put the overriding values in the makefiles for the relevant ports.  
  
Also add a variable for port makefiles to append their own stuff to  
with_temp_install, and use it to set LD_LIBRARY_PATH_RPATH=1 on  
FreeBSD which is needed to make LD_LIBRARY_PATH override DT_RPATH  
if DT_RUNPATH is not set (which seems to depend in unpredictable ways  
on the choice of compiler, at least on my system).  
  
Backpatch for the benefit of anyone doing regression tests on FreeBSD.  
(For other platforms there should be no functional change.)  

commit   : 5e63df82708ba6e350a1beb568c059e109f440a0    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Sun, 3 Feb 2019 17:48:53 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Sun, 3 Feb 2019 17:48:53 +0900    

Add PG_CFLAGS, PG_CXXFLAGS, and PG_LDFLAGS variables to pgxs.mk which  
will be appended or prepended to the corresponding make variables.  
Notably, there was previously no way to pass custom CXXFLAGS to third  
party extension module builds, COPT and PROFILE supporting only CFLAGS  
and LDFLAGS.  
  
Backpatch all the way down to ease integration with existing  
extensions.  
  
Author: Christoph Berg  
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund, Tom Lane, Michael Paquier  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
Backpatch-through: 9.4  

commit   : 073afae81989c0eec572c9f5850b9265c9e07933    
  
author   : Amit Kapila <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 2 Feb 2019 08:54:33 +0530    
  
committer: Amit Kapila <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 2 Feb 2019 08:54:33 +0530    

To avoid deadlock, backend acquires a lock on heap pages in block  
number order.  In certain cases, lock on heap pages is dropped and  
reacquired.  In this case, the locks are dropped for reading in  
corresponding VM page/s. The issue is we re-acquire locks in bufferId  
order whereas the intention was to acquire in blockid order.  
  
This commit ensures that we will always acquire locks on heap pages in  
blockid order.  
  
Reported-by: Nishant Fnu  
Author: Nishant Fnu  
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila and Robert Haas  
Backpatch-through: 9.4  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 014763e97668d1597d3cc2abe9ec4bdbf1554e5f    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 1 Feb 2019 10:35:52 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 1 Feb 2019 10:35:52 +0900    

When logging the replica identity of a deleted tuple, XLOG_HEAP_DELETE  
records include references of the old tuple.  Its data is stored in an  
intermediate variable used to register this information for the WAL  
record, but this variable gets away from the stack when the record gets  
actually inserted.  
  
Spotted by clang's AddressSanitizer.  
  
Author: Stas Kelvish  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
Backpatch-through: 9.4  

commit   : 650296f8f607365278f64c9b9a7438c321f2d4ec    
  
author   : Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 28 Jan 2019 22:09:33 +0100    
  
committer: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 28 Jan 2019 22:09:33 +0100    

The bug was that determining which columns are part of the replica  
identity index using RelationGetIndexAttrBitmap() would run  
eval_const_expressions() on index expressions and predicates across  
all indexes of the table, which in turn might require a snapshot, but  
there wasn't one set, so it crashes.  There were actually two separate  
bugs, one on the publisher and one on the subscriber.  
  
To trigger the bug, a table that is part of a publication or  
subscription needs to have an index with a predicate or expression  
that lends itself to constant expressions simplification.  
  
The fix is to avoid the constant expressions simplification in  
RelationGetIndexAttrBitmap(), so that it becomes safe to call in these  
contexts.  The constant expressions simplification comes from the  
calls to RelationGetIndexExpressions()/RelationGetIndexPredicate() via  
BuildIndexInfo().  But RelationGetIndexAttrBitmap() calling  
BuildIndexInfo() is overkill.  The latter just takes pg_index catalog  
information, packs it into the IndexInfo structure, which former then  
just unpacks again and throws away.  We can just do this directly with  
less overhead and skip the troublesome calls to  
eval_const_expressions().  This also removes the awkward  
cross-dependency between relcache.c and index.c.  
  
Bug: #15114  
Reported-by: Петър Славов <[email protected]>  
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <[email protected]>  
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>  
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/[email protected]/  

commit   : ae4c7d5ab88668275ab69913169564ce9bcbf27d    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 26 Jan 2019 14:15:42 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 26 Jan 2019 14:15:42 -0500    

Previously, \g would successfully execute the COPY command, but  
the target specification if any was ignored, so that the data was  
always dumped to the regular query output target.  This seems like  
a clear bug, so let's not just fix it but back-patch it.  
  
While at it, adjust the documentation for \copy to recommend  
"COPY ... TO STDOUT \g foo" as a plausible alternative.  
  
Back-patch to 9.5.  The problem exists much further back, but the  
code associated with \g was refactored enough in 9.5 that we'd  
need a significantly different patch for 9.4, and it doesn't  
seem worth the trouble.  
  
Daniel Vérité, reviewed by Fabien Coelho  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 0d5b2735122557417e24a73f92a518638d2a5a32    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 25 Jan 2019 21:14:31 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 25 Jan 2019 21:14:31 -0500    

Since LISTEN is (still) disallowed, UNLISTEN must be a no-op in a  
hot-standby session, and so there's no harm in allowing it.  This  
change allows client code to not worry about whether it's connected  
to a primary or standby server when performing session-state-reset  
type activities.  (Note that DISCARD ALL, which includes UNLISTEN,  
was already allowed, making it inconsistent to reject UNLISTEN.)  
  
Per discussion, back-patch to all supported versions.  
  
Shay Rojansky, reviewed by Mi Tar  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADT4RqCf2gA_TJtPAjnGzkC3ZiexfBZiLmA-mV66e4UyuVv8bA@mail.gmail.com  

commit   : adc2553b7069abb46ea72a663eb0208f98bca29e    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 24 Jan 2019 16:46:55 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 24 Jan 2019 16:46:55 -0500    

A report from Andrew Dunstan showed that an ecpglib breakage that  
causes repeated query failures could lead to infinite loops in some  
ecpg test scripts, because they contain "while(1)" loops with no  
exit condition other than successful test completion.  That might  
be all right for manual testing, but it seems entirely unacceptable  
for automated test environments such as our buildfarm.  We don't  
want buildfarm owners to have to intervene manually when a test  
goes wrong.  
  
To fix, just change all those while(1) loops to exit after at most  
100 iterations (which is more than any of them expect to iterate).  
This seems sufficient since we'd see discrepancies in the test output  
if any loop executed the wrong number of times.  
  
I tested this by dint of intentionally breaking ecpg_do_prologue  
to always fail, and verifying that the tests still got to completion.  
  
Back-patch to all supported branches, since the whole point of this  
exercise is to protect the buildfarm against future mistakes.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 1d334ab6e0b5845cb8d4d68edc706a990774a3b9    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 23 Jan 2019 22:46:45 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 23 Jan 2019 22:46:45 -0500    

Apparently, some builds of MinGW contain a version of  
_configthreadlocale() that always returns -1, indicating failure.  
Rather than treating that as a curl-up-and-die condition, soldier on  
as though the function didn't exist.  This leaves us without thread  
safety on such MinGW versions, but we didn't have it anyway.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 6bf9f4e6e38b0b8d6f4ba26da473d6d5bb7fa49d    
  
author   : Heikki Linnakangas <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 23 Jan 2019 13:39:00 +0200    
  
committer: Heikki Linnakangas <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 23 Jan 2019 13:39:00 +0200    

Spotted mostly by Fabien Coelho.  
  
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/alpine.DEB.2.21.1901230947050.16643@lancre  

commit   : eb3e90cad1e48ce5ad55335514d639744a295b78    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 21 Jan 2019 23:18:58 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 21 Jan 2019 23:18:58 -0500    

ecpglib attempts to force the LC_NUMERIC locale to "C" while reading  
server output, to avoid problems with strtod() and related functions.  
Historically it's just issued setlocale() calls to do that, but that  
has major problems if we're in a threaded application.  setlocale()  
itself is not required by POSIX to be thread-safe (and indeed is not,  
on recent OpenBSD).  Moreover, its effects are process-wide, so that  
we could cause unexpected results in other threads, or another thread  
could change our setting.  
  
On platforms having uselocale(), which is required by POSIX:2008,  
we can avoid these problems by using uselocale() instead.  Windows  
goes its own way as usual, but we can make it safe by using  
_configthreadlocale().  Platforms having neither continue to use the  
old code, but that should be pretty much nobody among current systems.  
  
(Subsequent buildfarm results show that recent NetBSD versions still  
lack uselocale(), but it's not a big problem because they also do not  
support non-"C" settings for LC_NUMERIC.)  
  
Back-patch of commits 8eb4a9312 and ee27584c4.  
  
Michael Meskes and Tom Lane; thanks also to Takayuki Tsunakawa.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 4aead13a751f86a9e143d3ee931171a11fd7bf7e    
  
author   : Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 21 Jan 2019 19:34:11 -0300    
  
committer: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 21 Jan 2019 19:34:11 -0300    

Back in commit 100340e2dcd0, we made relcache entries keep lists of the  
foreign keys applying to the relation -- but we forgot to update  
CacheInvalidateHeapTuple to flush those entries when new FKs got created  
or existing ones updated/deleted.  No bugs appear to have been reported  
that would be explained by this ommission, but I noticed the problem  
while working on an unrelated bugfix which clearly showed it.  Fix by  
adding relcache flush on relevant foreign key changes.  
  
Backpatch to 9.6, like the aforementioned commit.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane  

commit   : 058e2757b9bf44968af4cc93cd8334e3dba6f362    
  
author   : Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 19 Jan 2019 20:42:44 +0100    
  
committer: Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 19 Jan 2019 20:42:44 +0100    

This reverts commit 71b2951ccc433a6dd799efedff9f5927c32440f6.  
  
Per discussion, it's not desirable to add valgrind suppressions for  
outside our own code base (e.g. glibc in this case), especially when  
the suppressions may be platform-specific. There are better ways to  
deal with that, e.g. by providing local suppressions.  
  
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/90ac0452-e907-e7a4-b3c8-15bd33780e62%402ndquadrant.com  

commit   : 167ba6b1569d5a96d0452fbe708e866222d5b8a8    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 18 Jan 2019 15:06:26 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 18 Jan 2019 15:06:26 -0500    

Recent OpenBSD (at least 5.9 and up) has a version of getopt(3)  
that will not cope with the "-:" spec we use to accept double-dash  
options in postgres.c and postmaster.c.  Admittedly, that's a hack  
because POSIX only requires getopt() to allow alphanumeric option  
characters.  I have no desire to find another way, however, so  
let's just do what we were already doing on Solaris: force use  
of our own src/port/getopt.c implementation.  
  
In passing, improve some of the comments around said implementation.  
  
Per buildfarm and local testing.  Back-patch to all supported branches.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 9450b91cdf140e7becb5e9bb477da0c1f6cdbdb1    
  
author   : Magnus Hagander <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 17 Jan 2019 13:52:51 +0100    
  
committer: Magnus Hagander <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 17 Jan 2019 13:52:51 +0100    

The namespace for all lists have changed a while ago, so all references  
should use the correct address.  

commit   : 14a0481194ee51623197b911b3719b0a0b949039    
  
author   : Magnus Hagander <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 17 Jan 2019 13:47:24 +0100    
  
committer: Magnus Hagander <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 17 Jan 2019 13:47:24 +0100    

Lists are not handled by Majordomo anymore and haven't been for  
a while, so remove the reference and instead direct people to the  
list server.  

commit   : 624046abe23f3da003b8db07d7028c70f1c672bd    
  
author   : Andrew Gierth <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 17 Jan 2019 05:33:01 +0000    
  
committer: Andrew Gierth <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 17 Jan 2019 05:33:01 +0000    

Previously, parseCheckAggregates was run before  
assign_query_collations, but this causes problems if any expression  
has already had a collation assigned by some transform function (e.g.  
transformCaseExpr) before parseCheckAggregates runs. The differing  
collations would cause expressions not to be recognized as equal to  
the ones in the GROUP BY clause, leading to spurious errors about  
unaggregated column references.  
  
The result was that CASE expr WHEN val ... would fail when "expr"  
contained a GROUPING() expression or matched one of the group by  
expressions, and where collatable types were involved; whereas the  
supposedly identical CASE WHEN expr = val ... would succeed.  
  
Backpatch all the way; this appears to have been wrong ever since  
collations were introduced.  
  
Per report from Guillaume Lelarge, analysis and patch by me.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAECtzeVSO_US8C2Khgfv54ZMUOBR4sWq+6_bLrETnWExHT=rFg@mail.gmail.com  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 381409686a81c2680c3d6ac416b5a9d823f6cf83    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 15 Jan 2019 08:47:20 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 15 Jan 2019 08:47:20 +0900    

These have been found while cross-checking for the use of unique words  
in the documentation.  
  
Author: Alexander Lakhin  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : e0f9fade3591796c1c47523bdc010b1867ef74d7    
  
author   : Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Sun, 13 Jan 2019 16:43:14 -0500    
  
committer: Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Sun, 13 Jan 2019 16:43:14 -0500    

commit   : 149f91fa0b473656cf1733f6e455bdaaa2eded23    
  
author   : Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Sun, 13 Jan 2019 15:59:35 -0500    
  
committer: Andrew Dunstan <[email protected]>    
date     : Sun, 13 Jan 2019 15:59:35 -0500    

This will enable things like the buildfarm client to discover more  
reliably if certain libraries have been installed.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
  
Backpatch to all live branches.  

commit   : 4f80974990dce96771ef0e44c45999d8cc029c22    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 11 Jan 2019 15:53:34 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 11 Jan 2019 15:53:34 -0500    

Up to now, createplan.c attempted to share PARAM_EXEC slots for  
NestLoopParams across different plan levels, if the same underlying Var  
was being fed down to different righthand-side subplan trees by different  
NestLoops.  This was, I think, more of an artifact of using subselect.c's  
PlannerParamItem infrastructure than an explicit design goal, but anyway  
that was the end result.  
  
This works well enough as long as the plan tree is executing synchronously,  
but the feature whereby Gather can execute the parallelized subplan locally  
breaks it.  An upper NestLoop node might execute for a row retrieved from  
a parallel worker, and assign a value for a PARAM_EXEC slot from that row,  
while the leader's copy of the parallelized subplan is suspended with a  
different active value of the row the Var comes from.  When control  
eventually returns to the leader's subplan, it gets the wrong answers if  
the same PARAM_EXEC slot is being used within the subplan, as reported  
in bug #15577 from Bartosz Polnik.  
  
This is pretty reminiscent of the problem fixed in commit 46c508fbc, and  
the proper fix seems to be the same: don't try to share PARAM_EXEC slots  
across different levels of controlling NestLoop nodes.  
  
This requires decoupling NestLoopParam handling from PlannerParamItem  
handling, although the logic remains somewhat similar.  To avoid bizarre  
division of labor between subselect.c and createplan.c, I decided to move  
all the param-slot-assignment logic for both cases out of those files  
and put it into a new file paramassign.c.  Hopefully it's a bit better  
documented now, too.  
  
A regression test case for this might be nice, but we don't know a  
test case that triggers the problem with a suitably small amount  
of data.  
  
Back-patch to 9.6 where we added Gather nodes.  It's conceivable that  
related problems exist in older branches; but without some evidence  
for that, I'll leave the older branches alone.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 2763cc4a0367ef21601ecdc0c3ab1c5db24e458d    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 8 Jan 2019 12:03:54 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 8 Jan 2019 12:03:54 -0500    

runtime.sgml said that you couldn't change SysV IPC parameters on OpenBSD  
except by rebuilding the kernel.  That's definitely wrong in OpenBSD 6.x,  
and excavation in their man pages says it changed in OpenBSD 3.3.  
  
Update NetBSD and OpenBSD sections to recommend adjustment of the SEMMNI  
and SEMMNS settings, which are painfully small by default on those  
platforms.  (The discussion thread contemplated recommending that  
people select POSIX semaphores instead, but the performance consequences  
of that aren't really clear, so I'll refrain.)  
  
Remove pointless discussion of SEMMNU and SEMMAP from the FreeBSD  
section.  Minor other wordsmithing.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : bbce27c6dd6ddaed3adc5c149b4f7053a62fc119    
  
author   : Andrew Gierth <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 7 Jan 2019 18:19:46 +0000    
  
committer: Andrew Gierth <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 7 Jan 2019 18:19:46 +0000    

In passing add a couple of links to the message severity table.  
  
Backpatch because it's always been this way.  
  
Author: Karl O. Pinc <[email protected]>  

commit   : feb4b80388696a3493044c4ea8554e41f8548a85    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 5 Jan 2019 12:48:55 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 5 Jan 2019 12:48:55 +0900    

Consistently use the IETF HTML links instead of a random mix of  
different sites and formats.  This also fixes one broken link for JSON  
documentation.  

commit   : 60de80cd2dacdc843374cd3722deb10fc72b1345    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 3 Jan 2019 17:00:08 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 3 Jan 2019 17:00:08 -0500    

This patch changes the rule for whether or not a tuple seen by ANALYZE  
should be included in its sample.  
  
When we last touched this logic, in commit 51e1445f1, we weren't  
thinking very hard about tuples being UPDATEd by a long-running  
concurrent transaction.  In such a case, we might see the pre-image as  
either LIVE or DELETE_IN_PROGRESS depending on timing; and we might see  
the post-image not at all, or as INSERT_IN_PROGRESS.  Since the existing  
code will not sample either DELETE_IN_PROGRESS or INSERT_IN_PROGRESS  
tuples, this leads to concurrently-updated rows being omitted from the  
sample entirely.  That's not very helpful, and it's especially the wrong  
thing if the concurrent transaction ends up rolling back.  
  
The right thing seems to be to sample DELETE_IN_PROGRESS rows just as if  
they were live.  This makes the "sample it" and "count it" decisions the  
same, which seems good for consistency.  It's clearly the right thing  
if the concurrent transaction ends up rolling back; in effect, we are  
sampling as though IN_PROGRESS transactions haven't happened yet.  
Also, this combination of choices ensures maximum robustness against  
the different combinations of whether and in which state we might see the  
pre- and post-images of an update.  
  
It's slightly annoying that we end up recording immediately-out-of-date  
stats in the case where the transaction does commit, but on the other  
hand the stats are fine for columns that didn't change in the update.  
And the alternative of sampling INSERT_IN_PROGRESS rows instead seems  
like a bad idea, because then the sampling would be inconsistent with  
the way rows are counted for the stats report.  
  
Per report from Mark Chambers; thanks to Jeff Janes for diagnosing  
what was happening.  Back-patch to all supported versions.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAFh58O_Myr6G3tcH3gcGrF-=OExB08PJdWZcSBcEcovaiPsrHA@mail.gmail.com  

commit   : ba26b3172f037b3afa863aaa4db67aa2bcba81db    
  
author   : Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 3 Jan 2019 15:06:53 +0100    
  
committer: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 3 Jan 2019 15:06:53 +0100    

Debian testing and newer now require that RSA and DHE keys are at  
least 2048 bit long and no longer allow SHA-1 for signatures in  
certificates.  This is currently causing the ssl tests to fail there  
because the test certificates and keys have been created in violation  
of those conditions.  
  
Update the parameters to create the test files and create a new set of  
test files.  
  
Author: Kyotaro HORIGUCHI <[email protected]>  
Reported-by: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>  
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/20180917131340.GE31460%40paquier.xyz  

commit   : c27c3993ef6dbdff1f196670877a47f374d884ad    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 2 Jan 2019 16:33:48 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 2 Jan 2019 16:33:48 -0500    

MinMaxExpr invokes the btree comparison function for its input datatype,  
so it's only leakproof if that function is.  Many such functions are  
indeed leakproof, but others are not, and we should not just assume that  
they are.  Hence, adjust contain_leaked_vars to verify the leakproofness  
of the referenced function explicitly.  
  
I didn't add a regression test because it would need to depend on  
some particular comparison function being leaky, and that's a moving  
target, per discussion.  
  
This has been wrong all along, so back-patch to supported branches.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : b66a07430e9d17ad892c5e3241c19b1b33d73e46    
  
author   : Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 2 Jan 2019 12:44:25 -0500    
  
committer: Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 2 Jan 2019 12:44:25 -0500    

Backpatch-through: certain files through 9.4  

commit   : 13602a9b6b72d0152200a146fef16e12d7a4a10a    
  
author   : Noah Misch <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 31 Dec 2018 13:50:32 -0800    
  
committer: Noah Misch <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 31 Dec 2018 13:50:32 -0800    

Detect it the way pg_ctl's wait_for_postmaster() does.  When pg_regress  
spawned a postmaster that failed startup, we were detecting that only  
with "pg_regress: postmaster did not respond within 60 seconds".  
Back-patch to 9.4 (all supported versions).  
  
Reviewed by Tom Lane.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 55fde981c299550d96742799f1bfa36220cc1b7c    
  
author   : Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 29 Dec 2018 13:02:51 +0100    
  
committer: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 29 Dec 2018 13:02:51 +0100    

commit   : aa2e84d2cc8dd08f3531a1f36eaa0490117e5baa    
  
author   : Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 27 Dec 2018 16:17:40 -0300    
  
committer: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 27 Dec 2018 16:17:40 -0300    

Previously, it would only remove temp tables created in the same  
session; but if the session uses the BackendId of a previously crashed  
backend that left temp tables around, those would not get removed.  
Since autovacuum would not drop them either (because it sees that the  
BackendId is in use by the current session) these can cause annoying  
xid-wraparound warnings.  
  
Apply to branches 9.4 to 10.  This is not a problem since version 11,  
because commit 943576bddcb5 added state tracking that makes autovacuum  
realize that those temp tables are not ours, so it removes them.  
  
This is useful to handle in DISCARD, because even though it does not  
handle all situations, it does handle the common one where a connection  
pooler keeps the same session open for an indefinitely long time.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
Reviewed-by: Takayuki Tsunakawa, Michaël Paquier  

commit   : 7fc2363a615842e42f927d915331a4b3bd67af19    
  
author   : Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 27 Dec 2018 16:00:39 -0300    
  
committer: Alvaro Herrera <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 27 Dec 2018 16:00:39 -0300    

When temp tables are in danger of XID wraparound, autovacuum drops them;  
however, it preserves those that are owned by a working session.  This  
is desirable, except when the session is connected to a different  
database (because the temp tables cannot be from that session), so make  
it only keep the temp tables only if the backend is in the same database  
as the temp tables.  
  
This is not bulletproof: it fails to detect temp tables left by a  
session whose backend ID is reused in the same database but the new  
session does not use temp tables.  Commit 943576bddcb5 fixes that case  
too, for branches 11 and up (which is why we don't apply this fix to  
those branches), but back-patching that one is not universally agreed  
on.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
Reviewed-by: Takayuki Tsunakawa, Michaël Paquier  

commit   : 285abc8df4d7741fc4e303fb6a906a364345ebbe    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 27 Dec 2018 10:17:21 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 27 Dec 2018 10:17:21 +0900    

Inheritance trees can include temporary tables if the parent is  
permanent, which makes possible the presence of multiple temporary  
children from different sessions.  Trying to issue a TRUNCATE on the  
parent in this scenario causes a failure, so similarly to any other  
queries just ignore such cases, which makes TRUNCATE work  
transparently.  
  
This makes truncation behave similarly to any other DML query working on  
the parent table with queries which need to be issues on children.  A  
set of isolation tests is added to cover basic cases.  
  
Reported-by: Zhou Digoal  
Author: Amit Langote, Michael Paquier  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
Backpatch-through: 9.4  

commit   : 811821748b5b833766444325c105b4bc25aac847    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 26 Dec 2018 15:30:10 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 26 Dec 2018 15:30:10 -0500    

I made a frontend fprintf() format use %m, forgetting that that's only  
safe in HEAD not the back branches; prior to 96bf88d52 and d6c55de1f,  
it would work on glibc platforms but not elsewhere.  Revert to using  
%s ... strerror(errno) as the code did before.  
  
We could have left HEAD as-is, but for code consistency across branches,  
I chose to apply this patch there too.  
  
Per Coverity and a few buildfarm members.  

commit   : 9378701243b5a9075a5c0e11909cb3eec7428801    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 24 Dec 2018 20:26:11 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 24 Dec 2018 20:26:11 +0900    

At the end of recovery for the post-promotion process, a new history  
file is created followed by the last partial segment of the previous  
timeline.  Based on the timing, the archiver would first try to archive  
the last partial segment and then the history file.  This can delay the  
detection of a new timeline taken, particularly depending on the time it  
takes to transfer the last partial segment as it delays the moment the  
history file of the new timeline gets archived.  This can cause promoted  
standbys to use the same timeline as one already taken depending on the  
circumstances if multiple instances look at archives at the same  
location.  
  
This commit changes the order of archiving so as history files are  
archived in priority over other file types, which reduces the likelihood  
of the same timeline being taken (still not reducing the window to  
zero), and it makes the archiver behave more consistently with the  
startup process doing its post-promotion business.  
  
Author: David Steele  
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier, Kyotaro Horiguchi  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
Backpatch-through: 9.5  

commit   : ffcd98c7fcfb2ed4ef9069591c06d3748669941c    
  
author   : Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 22 Dec 2018 07:21:40 +0100    
  
committer: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 22 Dec 2018 07:21:40 +0100    

This has never been correct since this code was introduced.  

commit   : 1b02807457318fa61cb564b101669f82e1b7be23    
  
author   : Alexander Korotkov <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 21 Dec 2018 02:33:37 +0300    
  
committer: Alexander Korotkov <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 21 Dec 2018 02:33:37 +0300    

013ebc0a7b implements so-called GiST microvacuum.  That is gistgettuple() marks  
index tuples as dead when kill_prior_tuple is set.  Later, when new tuple  
insertion claims page space, those dead index tuples are physically deleted  
from page.  When this deletion is replayed on standby, it might conflict with  
read-only queries.  But 013ebc0a7b doesn't handle this.  That may lead to  
disappearance of some tuples from read-only snapshots on standby.  
  
This commit implements resolving of conflicts between replay of GiST microvacuum  
and standby queries.  On the master we implement new WAL record type  
XLOG_GIST_DELETE, which comprises necessary information.  On stable releases  
we've to be tricky to keep WAL compatibility.  Information required for conflict  
processing is just appended to data of XLOG_GIST_PAGE_UPDATE record.  So,  
PostgreSQL version, which doesn't know about conflict processing, will just  
ignore that.  
  
Reported-by: Andres Freund  
Diagnosed-by: Andres Freund  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20181212224524.scafnlyjindmrbe6%40alap3.anarazel.de  
Author: Alexander Korotkov  
Backpatch-through: 9.6  

commit   : e13d8a783d25691a63370c4b03acb7254934a041    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 20 Dec 2018 13:55:11 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 20 Dec 2018 13:55:11 -0500    

"$user" in a search_path string is replaced by CURRENT_USER not  
SESSION_USER.  (It actually was SESSION_USER in the initial implementation,  
but we changed it shortly later, and evidently forgot to fix the docs to  
match.)  
  
Noted by [email protected]  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 5668afeb6d25ef842ff14239c5ba3aa20cf56937    
  
author   : Greg Stark <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 19 Dec 2018 18:28:35 -0500    
  
committer: Greg Stark <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 19 Dec 2018 18:28:35 -0500    

The flag for IF NOT EXISTS was only being passed down in the normal  
recursing case. It's been this way since originally added in 9.6 in  
commit 2cd40adb85 so backpatch back to 9.6.  

commit   : 7c2bc40b8b78442d414db76366e6d15d2fa6ebd0    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 18 Dec 2018 11:19:39 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 18 Dec 2018 11:19:39 -0500    

"rescanratio" was computed as 1 + rescanned-tuples / total-inner-tuples,  
which is sensible if it's to be multiplied by total-inner-tuples or a cost  
value corresponding to scanning all the inner tuples.  But in reality it  
was (mostly) multiplied by inner_rows or a related cost, numbers that take  
into account the possibility of stopping short of scanning the whole inner  
relation thanks to a limited key range in the outer relation.  This'd  
still make sense if we could expect that stopping short would result in a  
proportional decrease in the number of tuples that have to be rescanned.  
It does not, however.  The argument that establishes the validity of our  
estimate for that number is independent of whether we scan all of the inner  
relation or stop short, and experimentation also shows that stopping short  
doesn't reduce the number of rescanned tuples.  So the correct calculation  
is 1 + rescanned-tuples / inner_rows, and we should be sure to multiply  
that by inner_rows or a corresponding cost value.  
  
Most of the time this doesn't make much difference, but if we have  
both a high rescan rate (due to lots of duplicate values) and an outer  
key range much smaller than the inner key range, then the error can  
be significant, leading to a large underestimate of the cost associated  
with rescanning.  
  
Per report from Vijaykumar Jain.  This thinko appears to go all the way  
back to the introduction of the rescan estimation logic in commit  
70fba7043, so back-patch to all supported branches.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAE7uO5hMb_TZYJcZmLAgO6iD68AkEK6qCe7i=vZUkCpoKns+EQ@mail.gmail.com  

commit   : 91c39daa3a4760f082a58133bb57b42b6965a5c3    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 18 Dec 2018 10:03:08 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 18 Dec 2018 10:03:08 +0900    

The project has moved to a new place.  
  
Reported-by: Peter Neave  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 419bd6371d557f5aa687e56ebe04e4946db0b8a4    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 17 Dec 2018 12:43:57 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 17 Dec 2018 12:43:57 +0900    

This is an oversight from recent commit b13fd344.  While on it, tweak  
the previous test with a better name for the renamed primary key.  
  
Detected by buildfarm member prion which forces relation cache release  
with -DRELCACHE_FORCE_RELEASE.  Back-patch down to 9.4 as the previous  
commit.  

commit   : d79cd555da115a15f6e63f5e687521d1e274ff9a    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 17 Dec 2018 10:36:29 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 17 Dec 2018 10:36:29 +0900    

When a constraint gets renamed, it may have associated with it a target  
relation (for example domain constraints don't have one).  Not  
invalidating the target relation cache when issuing the renaming can  
result in issues with subsequent commands that refer to the old  
constraint name using the relation cache, causing various failures.  One  
pattern spotted was using CREATE TABLE LIKE after a constraint  
renaming.  
  
Reported-by: Stuart <[email protected]>  
Author: Amit Langote  
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : f7642cf31601b206cb7cfb99339e6b4edfec0b58    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sun, 16 Dec 2018 14:51:48 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sun, 16 Dec 2018 14:51:48 -0500    

reap_child() basically ignored the possibility of either an error in  
waitpid() itself or a child process failure on signal.  We don't really  
need to do more than report and crash hard, but proceeding as though  
nothing is wrong is definitely Not Acceptable.  The error report for  
nonzero child exit status was pretty off-point, as well.  
  
Noted while fooling around with child-process failure detection  
logic elsewhere.  It's been like this a long time, so back-patch to  
all supported branches.  

commit   : cd24b4eaece3ee816b8a7decacc8dd00e5f16906    
  
author   : Alexander Korotkov <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 13 Dec 2018 06:12:31 +0300    
  
committer: Alexander Korotkov <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 13 Dec 2018 06:12:31 +0300    

When GIN vacuum deletes a posting tree page, it assumes that no concurrent  
searchers can access it, thanks to ginStepRight() locking two pages at once.  
However, since 9.4 searches can skip parts of posting trees descending from the  
root.  That leads to the risk that page is deleted and reclaimed before  
concurrent search can access it.  
  
This commit prevents the risk of above by waiting for every transaction, which  
might wait to reference this page, to finish.  Due to binary compatibility  
we can't change GinPageOpaqueData to store corresponding transaction id.  
Instead we reuse page header pd_prune_xid field, which is unused in index pages.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/31a702a.14dd.166c1366ac1.Coremail.chjischj%40163.com  
Author: Andrey Borodin, Alexander Korotkov  
Reviewed-by: Alexander Korotkov  
Backpatch-through: 9.4  

commit   : 80d4d8d71d57cc336e00e448f14c1b70ad8bc85f    
  
author   : Alexander Korotkov <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 13 Dec 2018 06:12:25 +0300    
  
committer: Alexander Korotkov <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 13 Dec 2018 06:12:25 +0300    

On standby ginRedoDeletePage() can work concurrently with read-only queries.  
Those queries can traverse posting tree in two ways.  
1) Using rightlinks by ginStepRight(), which locks the next page before  
   unlocking its left sibling.  
2) Using downlinks by ginFindLeafPage(), which locks at most one page at time.  
  
Original lock order was: page, parent, left sibling.  That lock order can  
deadlock with ginStepRight().  In order to prevent deadlock this commit changes  
lock order to: left sibling, page, parent.  Note, that position of parent in  
locking order seems insignificant, because we only lock one page at time while  
traversing downlinks.  
  
Reported-by: Chen Huajun  
Diagnosed-by: Chen Huajun, Peter Geoghegan, Andrey Borodin  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/31a702a.14dd.166c1366ac1.Coremail.chjischj%40163.com  
Author: Alexander Korotkov  
Backpatch-through: 9.4  

commit   : 12cb7ea599fb651bddadcff5d55188cdc4633190    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 12 Dec 2018 16:08:30 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 12 Dec 2018 16:08:30 -0500    

postgres_fdw's postgresGetForeignPlan() assumes without checking that the  
outer_plan it's given for a join relation must have a NestLoop, MergeJoin,  
or HashJoin node at the top.  That's been wrong at least since commit  
4bbf6edfb (which could cause insertion of a Sort node on top) and it seems  
like a pretty unsafe thing to Just Assume even without that.  
  
Through blind good fortune, this doesn't seem to have any worse  
consequences today than strange EXPLAIN output, but it's clearly trouble  
waiting to happen.  
  
To fix, test the node type explicitly before touching Join-specific  
fields, and avoid jamming the new tlist into a node type that can't  
do projection.  Export a new support function from createplan.c  
to avoid building low-level knowledge about the latter into FDWs.  
  
Back-patch to 9.6 where the faulty coding was added.  Note that the  
associated regression test cases don't show any changes before v11,  
apparently because the tests back-patched with 4bbf6edfb don't actually  
exercise the problem case before then (there's no top-level Sort  
in those plans).  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 10bad8c0f02e43dd2448316c4658f50b75f9cba8    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 12 Dec 2018 13:49:42 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 12 Dec 2018 13:49:42 -0500    

Our support for multiple-set-clauses in UPDATE assumes that the Params  
referencing a MULTIEXPR_SUBLINK SubPlan will appear before that SubPlan  
in the targetlist of the plan node that calculates the updated row.  
(Yeah, it's a hack...)  In some PG branches it's possible that a Result  
node gets inserted between the primary calculation of the update tlist  
and the ModifyTable node.  setrefs.c did the wrong thing in this case  
and left the upper-level Params as Params, causing a crash at runtime.  
What it should do is replace them with "outer" Vars referencing the child  
plan node's output.  That's a result of careless ordering of operations  
in fix_upper_expr_mutator, so we can fix it just by reordering the code.  
  
Fix fix_join_expr_mutator similarly for consistency, even though join  
nodes could never appear in such a context.  (In general, it seems  
likely to be a bit cheaper to use Vars than Params in such situations  
anyway, so this patch might offer a tiny performance improvement.)  
  
The hazard extends back to 9.5 where the MULTIEXPR_SUBLINK stuff  
was introduced, so back-patch that far.  However, this may be a live  
bug only in 9.6.x and 10.x, as the other branches don't seem to want  
to calculate the final tlist below the Result node.  (That plan shape  
change between branches might be a mini-bug in itself, but I'm not  
really interested in digging into the reasons for that right now.  
Still, add a regression test memorializing what we expect there,  
so we'll notice if it changes again.)  
  
Per bug report from Eduards Bezverhijs.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : d2267b61adef7811ab190dc2fa8c0399646434fe    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 11 Dec 2018 11:48:00 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 11 Dec 2018 11:48:00 -0500    

This module overlooked this necessary fixup step on the results of  
transformWhereClause().  It accidentally worked anyway, because the  
constructed expression involved type "name" which is not collatable,  
but it fell over while I was experimenting with changing "name" to  
be collatable.  
  
Back-patch, not because there's any live bug here in back branches,  
but because somebody might use this code as a model for some real  
application and then not understand why it doesn't work.  

commit   : b48cfafd5fe74b98bc26da2e8873591971c8a800    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 11 Dec 2018 11:21:36 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 11 Dec 2018 11:21:36 -0500    

Unlike other ALTER ref pages, this one neglected to mention that  
ALTER OWNER requires being a member of the new owning role.  
Per bug #15546 from Stefan Kadow.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 752278e7748e068088b3ac5ace7da82186a7dd6c    
  
author   : Noah Misch <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 10 Dec 2018 20:15:42 -0800    
  
committer: Noah Misch <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 10 Dec 2018 20:15:42 -0800    

Slow runs of buildfarm members chipmunk, hornet and mandrill saw the  
shorter timeouts expire.  The 180s timeout in poll_query_until has been  
trouble-free since 2a0f89cd717ce6d49cdc47850577823682167e87 introduced  
it two years ago, so use 180s more widely.  Back-patch to 9.6, where the  
first of these timeouts was introduced.  
  
Reviewed by Michael Paquier.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 0f9fd7419a19c3bfa000117d8b475e134824259a    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 10 Dec 2018 11:12:43 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 10 Dec 2018 11:12:43 -0500    

Although copyfuncs.c has a check_stack_depth call in its recursion,  
equalfuncs.c, outfuncs.c, and readfuncs.c lacked one.  This seems  
unwise.  
  
Likewise fix planstate_tree_walker(), in branches where that exists.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 078303f79b513ef8f50fdf2a95181c61519e4559    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 7 Dec 2018 12:12:00 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 7 Dec 2018 12:12:00 -0500    

The stanza of ExecuteTruncate[Guts] that truncates a target table's toast  
relation re-used the loop local variable "rel" to reference the toast rel.  
This was safe enough when written, but commit d42358efb added code below  
that that supposed "rel" still pointed to the parent table.  Therefore,  
the stats counter update was applied to the wrong relcache entry (the  
toast rel not the user rel); and if we were unlucky and that relcache  
entry had been flushed during reindex_relation, very bad things could  
ensue.  
  
(I'm surprised that CLOBBER_CACHE_ALWAYS testing hasn't found this.  
I'm even more surprised that the problem wasn't detected during the  
development of d42358efb; it must not have been tested in any case  
with a toast table, as the incorrect stats counts are very obvious.)  
  
To fix, replace use of "rel" in that code branch with a more local  
variable.  Adjust test cases added by d42358efb so that some of them  
use tables with toast tables.  
  
Per bug #15540 from Pan Bian.  Back-patch to 9.5 where d42358efb came in.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : d398119c19ef4d19e1d87d19e2cbbd67c4e63556    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 6 Dec 2018 15:08:44 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 6 Dec 2018 15:08:44 -0500    

Places that are testing for *printf failure ought to include the format  
string in their error reports, since bad-format-string is one of the  
more likely causes of such failure.  This both makes it easier to find  
and repair the mistake, and provides at least some useful info to the  
user who stumbles across such a problem.  
  
Also, tighten snprintf.c to report EINVAL for an invalid flag or  
final character in a format %-spec (including the case where the  
%-spec is missing a final character altogether).  This seems like  
better project policy, and it also allows removing an instruction  
or two from the hot code path.  
  
Back-patch the error reporting change in pvsnprintf, since it should be  
harmless and may be helpful; but not the snprintf.c change.  
  
Per discussion of bug #15511 from Ertuğrul Kahveci, which reported an  
invalid translated format string.  These changes don't fix that error,  
but they should improve matters next time we make such a mistake.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 4173a6180a161a6d1905f31c3f058dfec8f9056b    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 29 Nov 2018 18:28:11 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 29 Nov 2018 18:28:11 -0500    

The source code comments documented this, but the user-facing docs, not  
so much.  Add a section to Appendix B that discusses it.  
  
In passing, improve a couple other things in Appendix B --- notably,  
a long-obsolete claim that time zone abbreviations are looked up in  
a fixed table.  
  
Per bug #15527 from Michael Davidson.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 8993d3a10d13475e0471fcd3cf66d3639f6094a8    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 29 Nov 2018 15:53:44 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 29 Nov 2018 15:53:44 -0500    

In at least Apple's version of ranlib, the output file is updated to have  
a mod time equal to the max of the timestamps of its components, and that  
data only has seconds precision.  On a filesystem with sub-second file  
timestamp precision --- say, APFS --- this can result in the finished  
static library appearing older than its input files, which causes useless  
rebuilds and possible outright failures in parallel makes.  
  
We've only seen this reported in the field from people using Apple's  
ranlib with a non-Apple make, because Apple's make doesn't know about  
sub-second timestamps either so it doesn't decide rebuilds are needed.  
But Apple's ranlib presumably shares code with at least some BSDen,  
so it's not that unlikely that the same problem could arise elsewhere.  
  
To fix, just "touch" the output file after ranlib finishes.  
  
We seem to need this in only one place.  There are other calls of  
ranlib in our makefiles, but they are working on intermediate files  
whose timestamps are not actually important, or else on an installed  
static library for which sub-second timestamp precision is unlikely  
to matter either.  (Also, so far as I can tell, Apple's ranlib doesn't  
mess up the file timestamp in the latter usage anyhow.)  
  
In passing, change "ranlib" to "$(RANLIB)" in one place that was  
bypassing the make macro for no good reason.  
  
Per bug #15525 from Jack Kelly (via Alyssa Ross).  
Back-patch to all supported branches.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 8340eba6d8473b072a58f3fd50dbeb8fdb706cb2    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 29 Nov 2018 09:12:53 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 29 Nov 2018 09:12:53 +0900    

This fixes an oversight from c6c3334 which forgot that if a subset of  
WAL senders are stopping and in a sync state, other WAL senders could  
still be waiting for a WAL position to be synced while committing a  
transaction.  However the subset of stopping senders would not release  
waiters, potentially breaking synchronous replication guarantees.  This  
commit makes sure that even WAL senders stopping are able to release  
waiters and are tracked properly.  
  
On 9.4, this can also trigger an assertion failure when setting for  
example max_wal_senders to 1 where a WAL sender is not able to find  
itself as in synchronous state when the instance stops.  
  
Reported-by: Paul Guo  
Author: Paul Guo, Michael Paquier  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEET0ZEv8VFqT3C-cQm6byOB4r4VYWcef1J21dOX-gcVhCSpmA@mail.gmail.com  
Backpatch-through: 9.4  

commit   : 63d8350665c820203fd48e5690af01c33801fe46    
  
author   : Thomas Munro <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 28 Nov 2018 14:00:57 +1300    
  
committer: Thomas Munro <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 28 Nov 2018 14:00:57 +1300    

Since commit 2f1d2b7a we have set PAM_RHOST to "[local]" for Unix  
sockets.  This caused Linux PAM's libaudit integration to make DNS  
requests for that name.  It's not exactly clear what value PAM_RHOST  
should have in that case, but it seems clear that we shouldn't set it  
to an unresolvable name, so don't do that.  
  
Back-patch to 9.6.  Bug #15520.  
  
Author: Thomas Munro  
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut  
Reported-by: Albert Schabhuetl  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/15520-4c266f986998e1c5%40postgresql.org  

commit   : b86d148ae339be7937ba8aa707de6905314a78c4    
  
author   : Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 28 Nov 2018 01:11:15 +0100    
  
committer: Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 28 Nov 2018 01:11:15 +0100    

During table rewrites (VACUUM FULL and CLUSTER), the main heap is logged  
using XLOG / FPI records, and thus (correctly) ignored in decoding.  
But the associated TOAST table is WAL-logged as plain INSERT records,  
and so was logically decoded and passed to reorder buffer.  
  
That has severe consequences with TOAST tables of non-trivial size.  
Firstly, reorder buffer has to keep all those changes, possibly spilling  
them to a file, incurring I/O costs and disk space.  
  
Secondly, ReoderBufferCommit() was stashing all those TOAST chunks into  
a hash table, which got discarded only after processing the row from the  
main heap.  But as the main heap is not decoded for rewrites, this never  
happened, so all the TOAST data accumulated in memory, resulting either  
in excessive memory consumption or OOM.  
  
The fix is simple, as commit e9edc1ba already introduced infrastructure  
(namely HEAP_INSERT_NO_LOGICAL flag) to skip logical decoding of TOAST  
tables, but it only applied it to system tables.  So simply use it for  
all TOAST data in raw_heap_insert().  
  
That would however solve only the memory consumption issue - the TOAST  
changes would still be decoded and added to the reorder buffer, and  
spilled to disk (although without TOAST tuple data, so much smaller).  
But we can solve that by tweaking DecodeInsert() to just ignore such  
INSERT records altogether, using XLH_INSERT_CONTAINS_NEW_TUPLE flag,  
instead of skipping them later in ReorderBufferCommit().  
  
Review: Masahiko Sawada  
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/1a17c643-e9af-3dba-486b-fbe31bc1823a%402ndquadrant.com  
Backpatch: 9.4-, where logical decoding was introduced  

commit   : a52c31b8190518ac5776c228c314c946dc51eb62    
  
author   : Andres Freund <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 26 Nov 2018 23:26:05 -0800    
  
committer: Andres Freund <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 26 Nov 2018 23:26:05 -0800    

Unfortunately ac218aa4f6 missed the fact that a reference to  
'pg_catalog.regnamespace'::regclass wouldn't work before that type is  
known. Fix that, by replacing the regtype usage with a join to  
pg_type.  
  
Reported-By: Tom Lane  
Author: Andres Freund  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
Backpatch: 9.5-, like ac218aa4f6  

commit   : 17024c08e8e07bebdb02917304c4aa2a9004d917    
  
author   : Andres Freund <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 26 Nov 2018 17:00:43 -0800    
  
committer: Andres Freund <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 26 Nov 2018 17:00:43 -0800    

When the regrole (0c90f6769) and regnamespace (cb9fa802b) types were  
added in 9.5, pg_upgrade's check for reg* types wasn't updated. While  
regrole currently is safe, regnamespace is not.  
  
It seems unlikely that anybody uses regnamespace inside catalog tables  
across a pg_upgrade, but the tests should be correct nevertheless.  
  
While at it, reorder the types checked in the query to be  
alphabetical. Otherwise it's annoying to compare existing and tested  
for types.  
  
Author: Andres Freund  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
Backpatch: 9.5-, as regrole/regnamespace  

commit   : e37d20e2ae90ba14385020d64fa377c2bd6fcdf6    
  
author   : Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 26 Nov 2018 19:41:18 -0500    
  
committer: Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 26 Nov 2018 19:41:18 -0500    

Reported-by: Anthony Greene  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAPRNmnsSZ4QL75FUjcS8ND_oV+WjgyPbZ4ch2RUwmW6PWzF38w@mail.gmail.com  
  
Backpatch-through: 9.4  

commit   : ac305ff8c3dfe44d3441297f665ac3c602a87199    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 26 Nov 2018 17:32:51 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 26 Nov 2018 17:32:51 -0500    

latex_escaped_print() mistranslated \ and failed to provide any translation  
for # ^ and ~, all of which would typically lead to LaTeX document syntax  
errors.  In addition it didn't translate < > and |, which would typically  
render as unexpected characters.  
  
To some extent this represents shortcomings in ancient versions of LaTeX,  
which if memory serves had no easy way to render these control characters  
as ASCII text.  But that's been fixed for, um, decades.  In any case there  
is no value in emitting guaranteed-to-fail output for these characters.  
  
Noted while fooling with test cases added by commit 9a98984f4.  Back-patch  
the code change to all supported versions.  

commit   : bd567b6a4147531267a9d4f4edcc5c985f06e785    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 26 Nov 2018 16:43:19 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 26 Nov 2018 16:43:19 +0900    

This reverts commit 058ef3a, per complains from Magnus Hagander and Vik  
Fearing.  

commit   : 0d5e2dd001e5958d6971376e4d8af58dadf1feda    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 26 Nov 2018 15:49:23 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 26 Nov 2018 15:49:23 +0900    

Author: Nawaz Ahmed  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 239abfff12a41a0611d24e2c7b67895a7359e6bf    
  
author   : Andrew Gierth <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 24 Nov 2018 09:59:49 +0000    
  
committer: Andrew Gierth <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 24 Nov 2018 09:59:49 +0000    

Hstore data generated on pg 8.4 and pg_upgraded to current versions  
remains in its original on-disk format unless modified. The same goes  
for values generated by the addon hstore-new module on pre-9.0  
versions. (The hstoreUpgrade function converts old values on the fly  
when read in, but the on-disk value is not modified by this.)  
  
Since old-format empty hstores (and hstore-new hstores) have  
representations compatible with the new format, hstoreUpgrade thought  
it could get away without modifying such values; but this breaks  
hstore_hash (and the new hstore_hash_extended) which assumes  
bit-perfect matching between semantically identical hstore values.  
Only one bit actually differs (the "new version" flag in the count  
field) but that of course is enough to break the hash.  
  
Fix by making hstoreUpgrade unconditionally convert all old values to  
new format.  
  
Backpatch all the way, even though this changes a hash value in some  
cases, because in those cases the hash value is already failing - for  
example, a hash join between old- and new-format empty hstores will be  
failing to match, or a hash index on an hstore column containing an  
old-format empty value will be failing to find the value since it will  
be searching for a hash derived from a new-format datum. (There are no  
known field reports of this happening, probably because hashing of  
hstores has only been useful in limited circumstances and there  
probably isn't much upgraded data being used this way.)  
  
Per concerns arising from discussion of commit eb6f29141be. Original  
bug is my fault.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/60b1fd3b-7332-40f0-7e7f-f2f04f777747%402ndquadrant.com  

commit   : 1f99d0867020377defa251cc61943f3d4239e9eb    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 24 Nov 2018 13:53:12 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 24 Nov 2018 13:53:12 -0500    

I forgot that the back branches have more variant files than HEAD :-(.  
Per buildfarm.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 93eec1238663beab8521605f08a5937dbd8ec114    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 24 Nov 2018 12:45:50 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 24 Nov 2018 12:45:50 -0500    

ftoi4 and its sibling coercion functions did their overflow checks in  
a way that looked superficially plausible, but actually depended on an  
assumption that the MIN and MAX comparison constants can be represented  
exactly in the float4 or float8 domain.  That fails in ftoi4, ftoi8,  
and dtoi8, resulting in a possibility that values near the MAX limit will  
be wrongly converted (to negative values) when they need to be rejected.  
  
Also, because we compared before rounding off the fractional part,  
the other three functions threw errors for values that really ought  
to get rounded to the min or max integer value.  
  
Fix by doing rint() first (requiring an assumption that it handles  
NaN and Inf correctly; but dtoi8 and ftoi8 were assuming that already),  
and by comparing to values that should coerce to float exactly, namely  
INTxx_MIN and -INTxx_MIN.  Also remove some random cosmetic discrepancies  
between these six functions.  
  
This back-patches commits cbdb8b4c0 and 452b637d4.  In the 9.4 branch,  
also back-patch the portion of 62e2a8dc2 that added PG_INTnn_MIN and  
related constants to c.h, so that these functions can rely on them.  
  
Per bug #15519 from Victor Petrovykh.  
  
Patch by me; thanks to Andrew Gierth for analysis and discussion.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 5f11a500fac69da4c3de61bf878d66f73f4fc8d3    
  
author   : Andrew Gierth <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 23 Nov 2018 23:56:39 +0000    
  
committer: Andrew Gierth <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 23 Nov 2018 23:56:39 +0000    

1. Integer overflow in internal_size could result in memory corruption  
in decompression since a zero-length array would be allocated and then  
written to. This leads to crashes or corruption when traversing an  
index which has been populated with sufficiently sparse values. Fix by  
using int64 for computations and checking for overflow.  
  
2. Integer overflow in g_int_compress could cause pessimal merge  
choices, resulting in unnecessarily large ranges (which would in turn  
trigger issue 1 above). Fix by using int64 again.  
  
3. Even without overflow, array sizes could become large enough to  
cause unexplained memory allocation errors. Fix by capping the sizes  
to a safe limit and report actual errors pointing at gist__intbig_ops  
as needed.  
  
4. Large inputs to the compression function always consist of large  
runs of consecutive integers, and the compression loop was processing  
these one at a time in an O(N^2) manner with a lot of overhead. The  
expected runtime of this function could easily exceed 6 months for a  
single call as a result. Fix by performing a linear-time first pass,  
which reduces the worst case to something on the order of seconds.  
  
Backpatch all the way, since this has been wrong forever.  
  
Per bug #15518 from report from irc user "dymk", analysis and patch by  
me.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 49c57f81828a86833dc6375d8ba30dfb66c73dfb    
  
author   : Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 21 Nov 2018 17:20:15 -0500    
  
committer: Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 21 Nov 2018 17:20:15 -0500    

Removed one too many words.  Fix for  
7906de847f229f391b9e6b5892b4b4a89f29edb4.  
  
Reported-by: Thomas Munro  
  
Backpatch-through: 9.4  

commit   : 16e33ae5d67011974e4f7046aeecfd04fde29b46    
  
author   : Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 21 Nov 2018 16:55:39 -0500    
  
committer: Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 21 Nov 2018 16:55:39 -0500    

Reported-by: Kevin <[email protected]>  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
  
Backpatch-through: 9.4  

commit   : 390301ce630c9bbececef169130694acc06fafe2    
  
author   : Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 13 Nov 2018 10:42:43 +0100    
  
committer: Peter Eisentraut <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 13 Nov 2018 10:42:43 +0100    

The documentation claimed that an enum type requires "one or more"  
labels, but since 1fd9883ff49, zero labels are also allowed.  
  
Reported-by: Lukas Eder <[email protected]>  
Bug: #15356  

commit   : 8af1511e9cb5fbcfe47cb081ff9a1800fee73348    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 19 Nov 2018 12:01:47 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 19 Nov 2018 12:01:47 -0500    

The test case that Autoconf uses to discover whether a function has  
been declared doesn't work reliably with clang, because clang reports  
a warning not an error if the name is a known built-in function.  
On some platforms, this results in a lot of compile-time warnings about  
strlcpy and related functions not having been declared.  
  
There is a fix for this (by Noah Misch) in the upstream Autoconf sources,  
but since they've not made a release in years and show no indication of  
doing so anytime soon, let's just absorb their fix directly.  We can  
revert this when and if we update to a newer Autoconf release.  
  
Back-patch to all supported branches.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : b9cce9ddfa1748c76d1d35c62aa35fe70ddc2dbe    
  
author   : Thomas Munro <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 19 Nov 2018 13:40:57 +1300    
  
committer: Thomas Munro <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 19 Nov 2018 13:40:57 +1300    

On some operating systems, it doesn't make sense to retry fsync(),  
because dirty data cached by the kernel may have been dropped on  
write-back failure.  In that case the only remaining copy of the  
data is in the WAL.  A subsequent fsync() could appear to succeed,  
but not have flushed the data.  That means that a future checkpoint  
could apparently complete successfully but have lost data.  
  
Therefore, violently prevent any future checkpoint attempts by  
panicking on the first fsync() failure.  Note that we already  
did the same for WAL data; this change extends that behavior to  
non-temporary data files.  
  
Provide a GUC data_sync_retry to control this new behavior, for  
users of operating systems that don't eject dirty data, and possibly  
forensic/testing uses.  If it is set to on and the write-back error  
was transient, a later checkpoint might genuinely succeed (on a  
system that does not throw away buffers on failure); if the error is  
permanent, later checkpoints will continue to fail.  The GUC defaults  
to off, meaning that we panic.  
  
Back-patch to all supported releases.  
  
There is still a narrow window for error-loss on some operating  
systems: if the file is closed and later reopened and a write-back  
error occurs in the intervening time, but the inode has the bad  
luck to be evicted due to memory pressure before we reopen, we could  
miss the error.  A later patch will address that with a scheme  
for keeping files with dirty data open at all times, but we judge  
that to be too complicated to back-patch.  
  
Author: Craig Ringer, with some adjustments by Thomas Munro  
Reported-by: Craig Ringer  
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas, Thomas Munro, Andres Freund  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20180427222842.in2e4mibx45zdth5%40alap3.anarazel.de  

commit   : a4d6d6a25c12ca9a19a5e7ec6f76115bced69521    
  
author   : Thomas Munro <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 19 Nov 2018 13:40:50 +1300    
  
committer: Thomas Munro <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 19 Nov 2018 13:40:50 +1300    

If fsync() fails, md.c must keep the request in its bitmap, so that  
future attempts will try again.  
  
Back-patch to all supported releases.  
  
Author: Thomas Munro  
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila  
Reported-by: Andrew Gierth  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/87y3i1ia4w.fsf%40news-spur.riddles.org.uk  

commit   : 71b2951ccc433a6dd799efedff9f5927c32440f6    
  
author   : Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 17 Nov 2018 23:50:21 +0100    
  
committer: Tomas Vondra <[email protected]>    
date     : Sat, 17 Nov 2018 23:50:21 +0100    

wcsrtombs (called through wchar2char from common functions like lower,  
upper, etc.) uses various optimizations that may look like access to  
uninitialized data, triggering valgrind reports.  
  
For example AVX2 instructions load data in 256-bit chunks, and  gconv  
does something similar with 32-bit chunks.  This is faster than accessing  
the bytes one by one, and the uninitialized part of the buffer is not  
actually used. So suppress the bogus reports.  
  
The exact stack depends on possible optimizations - it might be AVX, SSE  
(as in the report by Aleksander Alekseev) or something else. Hence the  
last frame is wildcarded, to deal with this.  
  
Backpatch all the way back to 9.4.  
  
Author: Tomas Vondra  
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/90ac0452-e907-e7a4-b3c8-15bd33780e62%402ndquadrant.com  
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/[email protected]  

commit   : 033d45a1008f6846ae2380568abaee22da6ca19a    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 14 Nov 2018 16:29:57 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 14 Nov 2018 16:29:57 -0500    

This hasn't been correct since 9.3 added "latex-longtable".  
  
I left the phraseology "Unique abbreviations are allowed" alone.  
It's correct as far as it goes, and we are studiously refraining  
from specifying exactly what happens if you give a non-unique  
abbreviation.  (The answer in the back branches is "you get a  
backwards-compatible choice", and the answer in HEAD will shortly  
be "you get an error", but there seems no need to mention such  
details here.)  
  
Daniel Vérité  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : f9e25ba140776c01ee4bfdffc611b24a430e0872    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 14 Nov 2018 11:27:31 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 14 Nov 2018 11:27:31 -0500    

In commit ecfd55795, I removed sqlda.c's checks for ndigits != 0 on the  
grounds that we should duplicate the state of the numeric value's digit  
buffer even when all the digits are zeroes.  However, that still isn't  
quite right, because another possible state of the digit buffer is  
buf == digits == NULL (this occurs for a NaN).  As the code now stands,  
it'll invoke memcpy with a NULL source address and zero bytecount,  
which we know a few platforms crash on.  Hence, reinstate the no-copy  
short-circuit, but make it test specifically for buf != NULL rather than  
some other condition.  In hindsight, the ndigits test (added by commit  
f2ae9f9c3) was almost certainly meant to fix the NaN case not the  
all-zeroes case as the associated thread alleged.  
  
As before, back-patch to all supported versions.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1803D792815FC24D871C00D17AE95905C71161@g01jpexmbkw24  

commit   : 0d472b1e12efc3b860705cdc629a70d8972f0400    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 14 Nov 2018 16:48:17 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Wed, 14 Nov 2018 16:48:17 +0900    

If a failure happens when a transaction is starting between the moment  
the transaction status is changed from TRANS_DEFAULT to TRANS_START and  
the moment the current user ID and security context flags are fetched  
via GetUserIdAndSecContext(), or before initializing its basic fields,  
then those may get reset to incorrect values when the transaction  
aborts, leaving the session in an inconsistent state.  
  
One problem reported is that failing a starting transaction at the first  
query of a session could cause several kinds of system crashes on the  
follow-up queries.  
  
In order to solve that, move the initialization of the transaction state  
fields and the call of GetUserIdAndSecContext() in charge of fetching  
the current user ID close to the point where the transaction status is  
switched to TRANS_START, where there cannot be any error triggered  
in-between, per an idea of Tom Lane.  This properly ensures that the  
current user ID, the security context flags and that the basic fields of  
TransactionState remain consistent even if the transaction fails while  
starting.  
  
Reported-by: Richard Guo  
Diagnosed-By: Richard Guo  
Author: Michael Paquier  
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAN_9JTxECSb=pEPcb0a8d+6J+bDcOZ4=DgRo_B7Y5gRHJUM=Rw@mail.gmail.com  
Backpatch-through: 9.4  

commit   : e1f25901268cd07095329ce2e705df1de244f913    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 13 Nov 2018 15:46:08 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 13 Nov 2018 15:46:08 -0500    

Numeric values with leading zeroes were incorrectly copied into a  
SQLDA (SQL Descriptor Area), leading to wrong results in ECPG programs.  
  
Report and patch by Daisuke Higuchi.  Back-patch to all supported  
versions.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/1803D792815FC24D871C00D17AE95905C71161@g01jpexmbkw24  

commit   : 1a8bde490c982cbdd9d174e72d42f6042e9bf4ee    
  
author   : Amit Kapila <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 13 Nov 2018 10:43:35 +0530    
  
committer: Amit Kapila <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 13 Nov 2018 10:43:35 +0530    

Commit 0e141c0fbb introduced initialization of atomic variable in  
InitProcess which means that it's not safe to look at it for backends that  
aren't currently in use.  Fix that by initializing the same during postmaster  
startup.  
  
Reported-by: Andres Freund  
Author: Amit Kapila  
Backpatch-through: 9.6  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : fe66fc6f94221c5d884b63902b8d48ad87aba5e6    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 12 Nov 2018 11:19:04 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 12 Nov 2018 11:19:04 -0500    

classify_index_clause_usage() is O(N^2) in the number of distinct index  
qual clauses it considers, because of its use of a simple search list to  
store them.  For nearly all queries, that's fine because only a few clauses  
will be considered.  But Alexander Kuzmenkov reported a machine-generated  
query with 80000 (!) index qual clauses, which caused this code to take  
forever.  Somewhat remarkably, this is the only O(N^2) behavior we now  
have for such a query, so let's fix it.  
  
We can get rid of the O(N^2) runtime for cases like this without much  
damage to the functionality of choose_bitmap_and() by separating out  
paths with "too many" qual or pred clauses, and deeming them to always  
be nonredundant with other paths.  Then their clauses needn't go into  
the search list, so it doesn't get too long, but we don't lose the  
ability to consider bitmap AND plans altogether.  I set the threshold  
for "too many" to be 100 clauses per path, which should be plenty to  
ensure no change in planning behavior for normal queries.  
  
There are other things we could do to make this go faster, but it's not  
clear that it's worth any additional effort.  80000 qual clauses require  
a whole lot of work in many other places, too.  
  
The code's been like this for a long time, so back-patch to all supported  
branches.  The troublesome query only works back to 9.5 (in 9.4 it fails  
with stack overflow in the parser); so I'm not sure that fixing this in  
9.4 has any real-world benefit, but perhaps it does.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 6b41ccb6900b299a437906e23e8e9636834f98f7    
  
author   : Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 12 Nov 2018 23:01:04 +0900    
  
committer: Michael Paquier <[email protected]>    
date     : Mon, 12 Nov 2018 23:01:04 +0900    

Author: Alexander Lakhin  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : d431dff1af8c220490b84dd978aa3a508f71d415    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 9 Nov 2018 20:42:03 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Fri, 9 Nov 2018 20:42:03 -0500    

This patch fixes several related cases in which pg_shdepend entries were  
never made, or were lost, for references to roles appearing in the ACLs of  
schemas and/or types.  While that did no immediate harm, if a referenced  
role were later dropped, the drop would be allowed and would leave a  
dangling reference in the object's ACL.  That still wasn't a big problem  
for normal database usage, but it would cause obscure failures in  
subsequent dump/reload or pg_upgrade attempts, taking the form of  
attempts to grant privileges to all-numeric role names.  (I think I've  
seen field reports matching that symptom, but can't find any right now.)  
  
Several cases are fixed here:  
  
1. ALTER DOMAIN SET/DROP DEFAULT would lose the dependencies for any  
existing ACL entries for the domain.  This case is ancient, dating  
back as far as we've had pg_shdepend tracking at all.  
  
2. If a default type privilege applies, CREATE TYPE recorded the  
ACL properly but forgot to install dependency entries for it.  
This dates to the addition of default privileges for types in 9.2.  
  
3. If a default schema privilege applies, CREATE SCHEMA recorded the  
ACL properly but forgot to install dependency entries for it.  
This dates to the addition of default privileges for schemas in v10  
(commit ab89e465c).  
  
Another somewhat-related problem is that when creating a relation  
rowtype or implicit array type, TypeCreate would apply any available  
default type privileges to that type, which we don't really want  
since such an object isn't supposed to have privileges of its own.  
(You can't, for example, drop such privileges once they've been added  
to an array type.)  
  
ab89e465c is also to blame for a race condition in the regression tests:  
privileges.sql transiently installed globally-applicable default  
privileges on schemas, which sometimes got absorbed into the ACLs of  
schemas created by concurrent test scripts.  This should have resulted  
in failures when privileges.sql tried to drop the role holding such  
privileges; but thanks to the bug fixed here, it instead led to dangling  
ACLs in the final state of the regression database.  We'd managed not to  
notice that, but it became obvious in the wake of commit da906766c, which  
allowed the race condition to occur in pg_upgrade tests.  
  
To fix, add a function recordDependencyOnNewAcl to encapsulate what  
callers of get_user_default_acl need to do; while the original call  
sites got that right via ad-hoc code, none of the later-added ones  
have.  Also change GenerateTypeDependencies to generate these  
dependencies, which requires adding the typacl to its parameter list.  
(That might be annoying if there are any extensions calling that  
function directly; but if there are, they're most likely buggy in the  
same way as the core callers were, so they need work anyway.)  While  
I was at it, I changed GenerateTypeDependencies to accept most of its  
parameters in the form of a Form_pg_type pointer, making its parameter  
list a bit less unwieldy and mistake-prone.  
  
The test race condition is fixed just by wrapping the addition and  
removal of default privileges into a single transaction, so that that  
state is never visible externally.  We might eventually prefer to  
separate out tests of default privileges into a script that runs by  
itself, but that would be a bigger change and would make the tests  
run slower overall.  
  
Back-patch relevant parts to all supported branches.  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 041ad9a66d28c3106a8bba79d94af447efc60347    
  
author   : Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 8 Nov 2018 17:33:26 -0500    
  
committer: Tom Lane <[email protected]>    
date     : Thu, 8 Nov 2018 17:33:26 -0500    

Previously it was possible to set client_min_messages to FATAL or PANIC,  
which had the effect of suppressing transmission of regular ERROR messages  
to the client.  Perhaps that seemed like a useful option in the past, but  
the trouble with it is that it breaks guarantees that are explicitly made  
in our FE/BE protocol spec about how a query cycle can end.  While libpq  
and psql manage to cope with the omission, that's mostly because they  
are not very bright; client libraries that have more semantic knowledge  
are likely to get confused.  Notably, pgODBC doesn't behave very sanely.  
Let's fix this by getting rid of the ability to set client_min_messages  
above ERROR.  
  
In HEAD, just remove the FATAL and PANIC options from the set of allowed  
enum values for client_min_messages.  (This change also affects  
trace_recovery_messages, but that's OK since these aren't useful values  
for that variable either.)  
  
In the back branches, there was concern that rejecting these values might  
break applications that are explicitly setting things that way.  I'm  
pretty skeptical of that argument, but accommodate it by accepting these  
values and then internally setting the variable to ERROR anyway.  
  
In all branches, this allows a couple of tiny simplifications in the  
logic in elog.c, so do that.  
  
Also respond to the point that was made that client_min_messages has  
exactly nothing to do with the server's logging behavior, and therefore  
does not belong in the "When To Log" subsection of the documentation.  
The "Statement Behavior" subsection is a better match, so move it there.  
  
Jonah Harris and Tom Lane  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  

commit   : 6fc2738edd9f40fce099ea1be3f592caef4ac6c5    
  
author   : Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 6 Nov 2018 13:40:02 -0500    
  
committer: Bruce Momjian <[email protected]>    
date     : Tue, 6 Nov 2018 13:40:02 -0500    

Follow on patch for commit 3e0f1a4741f564c1a2fa6e944729d6967355d8c7.  
  
Reported-by: Peter Eisentraut  
  
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/[email protected]  
  
Backpatch-through: 9.4